Space telegraphy.



J. S. STONE.'

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED 11:13.27, 1906.

946,166. Patented Jam.11,`1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Nm? IIIl J. S. STONE.

SPACE TBLEGRAPHY.

`APPLICATION FILED 2213.27, leqs.

Patented Jam 11, 1910.

-to 'provide certain novel circuit arrangebe-employed in connection withthe circuit 1904. and 767,994, Aug.A 16, 1904.

Vcomprising a direct-current motor D and an Unten` srnrns rATnNTritten.'

JOHN STONE STONE, OMFv CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Joux STONE STONE, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, .have .invented a new and useful vImprovement in vSpacel`elegr:.iphy of which the followingis a specilication.

M v invention relatesl to the art of transl mitting intelligence from,one station to another by means of electromagnetic waves without theuse of wireslto guide the waves to their destination; and it relatesmore'particularly to the system of such transmission in which theelectromagnetic waves are developed by producing electric vibrations oroscillations in an elevated conductor. preferably vertically elevated.

The objects of the present invention are ments for space telegraphtransmitting and receiving systems; to provide means in the primarypower circuit. for protecting the electricalapparatus in-said primarypower circuit from the effects of excessive currents and potentials; andto provide certain improved details of construction which mayarrangements set forth in iny prior patents, Nos. 714,756, Dec. 2, 1902,707,98l, Auglt,

Other objects of my invention will hereinafter appear `and will beparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention may best be understood by having reference to the drawingswhich ac company and form a part of this specification and whichillustrate certain apparatus and circuit arrangements embodying my in?yvention; but it is to be understood that my invention is not limited tothe particular embodiments thereof which are illi'istrated in saiddrawings inasmuch as my invention f may be subjected to a wide range ofvariation without departing from the principle thereof.

In tle drawings, Figure I diagrammatically represents a space telegraphtransmitting stem Figa?. diagrannnatically repre-l sents combinedtransmitting,and receiving space telegraph system.

In tlze figures, D A is a motor-.generator alternating current generatorV is an Specification of Letters Patent; Patented'J 3,11. 11, 1910.

Application filed February 27, 1906. Serial No. 303,213.

(ECI CH C17-l CM1 CH2 C/l/ZAC/ll/ are Conr densers;'P is an oscillationresponsive de' vice-herein shown as a vWollaston anode WV in anelectrolyte contained in a cup P; T is a telephone or other suitablesignal-indicating device; B isa battery; R is va resistance;

and S is a spark gap.

In Fig. 1 the circuit C I1 is a sonorous or .persistently oscillatingcircuit inductively associated with the elevated conductor system V I, Eby means of thel transformer M whose windings'l,L I, preferably are sospatially related as to render the period of said sonorous circuitpractically independent of the electromagnetic constants of said ele-'vated conductor system, as more fully eX! plained in the aforesaidpatents. The cir- -cuit containingthe alternator A and the primary I, ofthe transformer M is the pri,- mary power circuit the energy of whichvis delivered at-the desired tension to lsaid-sonorous circuit by meansof.said transformer. The motor-generator is energized by any suitablesource of direct. current, to the mains of which the motor Disconnected.

-Forthe purpose `of protecting the armature windings of the alternatorA, I connect the branch circuit c Y across the terminals of saidalternator and connect one armature of the condenser G included in sa-idcircuit tol'the frame H of the alternator, so that any electricaloscillations which may be 'created 4in the primary power circuit by thereaction developed between the points o and o', Ir

connect a spark-gap s across the terminals of said condenser. `In orderto protect. the alternator from excessive currents which Vmay bedeveloped in the primary power circuit in case of condenser breakdown orarc at the spark-gaps caused by the" reaction of" the sonorous circuitthereon. or from any other cause I may connect a fuse F on either sideof the condenser C in the branch o Zi.

A branch e d is connected across the terminals of the primaryv I of thetransformer M and is connected to earth at E. armatures of the condenserC which is included in said branch c. d. By means of said branch c d andits connection to earth d E', the primary Ill of the. transformer M andthe armature of the alternator A are protected from excessive potentialsor currents developed in the primary' power circuit by the reactionthereon of the Ysonorous circuit S C Il. For the purpose of furtherprotecting said primary power circuit vas above set Jforth fromexcessive currents a Vfuse F may be connected on one side of the vanimpedance high as compared to its impedance for the frequencies of theoscillations developed in the sonorous or oscillating circuit.

W hen a' direct-current source is employed as indicated in Fig. l, thesparking at the commutator of the direct-currentgenerator createsoscillatory surgings in the mains and these surgings being of relativelyhigh frequency and having considerable amplitude will create currents inthe receiving system which generally is-located in close proximity tothe transmitting system and which sometimes is intimately associatedtherewith as shown in Fig. 2. i For the purpose of eliminating theeliect on the receiving system and its oscillation responsive device ot'such relatively high frcquency oscillatory surgings I may connect thebranch e f across the motor side of the motor-generator D A forconducting to earth the currents developed in the motor circuit bythesparking at the commutator ot' the generator which supplies the mains.to which the motor is connected or the currents induced in said motorcircuit by the surgings created in a neighboring direct-cur renttransmission system. F or this purposel the condenser C may be seriallyincluded in the branch e f and one of its armatures may be earthed asshown at E. A fuse F may be included in saidbranch e f on A spark-gap .sis connected across the' condenser C5 may be arranged in other ways foreiilecting this result. It will of course be understood that, ingeneral, the capacity of the condenser C.` is larger than the capacityof either ofthe condensers C C.

In order to increase the power factor of the primary power ,circuit andrender said power tactor constant over a wide range of the secondary.circuit current values' I may include the inductance L2 between oneterniinal of the primary 11 and one terminal of the condenser C5 andarrange said inductance so that it will be out ot inductive relationwith the secondary I, as shown in Fig. l. In such case an inductancecoil L1 may be introduced in the primary power circuit as a means ot'assisting the condenser C5 and inductance coil L2 in maintaining thepower factor ol the primary circuit high and approximately constant forvarying loads in the secondary or sonorous circuit. For this purpose theinductance oi the coil L1 plus the indnctance oi the armature of thegenerator A should equal approximately the sum of theinductance ot' thecoil L2 and the apparent inductance of the primary Il of the transformerM. The coil L2 in this case serves to compensate for variations in theapparent or eti'ective inductance of the primary l1 due to varying loadsin the second,- ary circuit, and therefore maintains the inductance ofthe branch consisting of the primary l1 and the coil L2 more nearlyconstant for varying loads on the transformer. A rheostat comprising thecontact arm r and resistance tniay,as shown,be included in the circuitot' the generator A and primary Il to control the supply of energyto-the transformer M. t

ln Fig. 2 the protective devices are the same as those already describedin connection with Fig. l. The elevated conductor is connected to the.spring contact It at the point o and the contact member which'cooperates with said contact t is connected to earth at E. Between thepoints 0 and 0 the receiving system is connected and itwill be apparentthat upon the depression ot the key K the projection t presses thespring t: into contact with its coperating member and closes the contact7cm thereby short-circuiting the receiving system between the points 0 0and thereby connecting the receiving system to the elevated transmittingconduc tor system V L o t ol li at a point having practically' zeropotential to earth. lt will be apparent also that the potential(flirterence developed between the points 0 o during transmission, evenwhen currents of very large amplitudeare developed in said elevatedconductor systennjwill be negligibly small and will not develop in thereceiving system currents of suliicient amplitude to in- 'juretheAdelicate parts thereof such as the l coil L or the coils of thetransformers w lltl M M. Simultaneously with, or before or after, theclosure of the contact /cf the receiver is rendered inoperative byaising the lv'vollaston anode lV ont of the electrolyte contained in thecell I. It is immaterial Whether the anode be raised out of contact withsaidclectrolvt'e before or after the closure of the contact cf, all thatis necessary being that both these operations occur prior tothe closureof the contact la.

I do not Wish to limitmyself to the particular means shown in F ig. 2and described above for rendering the receiver inoperative, inasmuch asvarious other means may be employed for this purpose.

The elevated receiving conductor system consists of the elevatedconductor per 8c Y,

the secondary L, the conductor connecting the latter to the point '0,the inductance L, the'parallel branch circuit C7', I, and the conductorconnecting the latter to earth at E. The electromagnetic constants ofsaid parallel branch circuit are so proportioned that for a persistenttrain of waves of the frequency to which the resonant receiving circuit12 C., is attuned said parallel branch circuit Will'balance, by itsreactanee the reactance of the rest of the elevated receiving conductorsystem, in which system it will be noted, the secondary I., operatesmerely as an inductance. The resonant weeding-out circuit C"2 I2 1',may, if,d e sii-ed, be interposed between the parallel branch circuitand the resonant receiving circuit 1"2: C2 as more fully explained in myprior patents.

vWhen electrical oscillations having the frequency t which the-resonantreceiving. circuit is attuned are developed in said res- )nant receivingcircuit, a maximum difference of potential exists across the terminalsof the condenser Qg which is one of the tuning elements of said resonantcircuit and therefore across the terminals of this condenser I connectthe electrolytic receiver P in lieu of connecting said receiver inseries with said resonant circuit. The apparent resistance of theelectrolytic receiver Pis large land if such receiver isconnected/inseries with the resonant receiving circuit the selectivityof said circuit is considerablyreduced. Furthermore the electrolyticcapacity of said `receiver is not. quite constant so that by connectingan electrolytic4 receiver' across a point of maximum potentialdevelopment of said circuit and in shunt to a condenser of relativelylarge capacitythe receiver exerts a much less pronounced effect upon these? lectivity of said circuit than -When'it is serially connectedtherewith. The signal-indicating device Tand the variable resistance R,Which resista-nce with the battery Bland contact lam constitutes apotentiometer, may

as shown be connected in series with the re;

ceiver P because the large distributed ca- 'cuit to the passage of highfrequency currents therethrough.

f It is often desirable, and for commercial operation itis necessary,that a receiving operator should be able to break the transmission froma distant station when he fails to understand a message o r a portionthereof, and such operatioir of breaking is accomplished by theapparatus shown in vF ig. 2 lby the simple expedient of depressing thekey K. By the depression of the key K the receiver is renderedinoperativie, the receiving system is short-circuited by the closure ofthe contact /UH and the elevated transmitting conductor is connected toearth, and` then by a farther movement of the key K the primary powercircuit is closed at le thereby effecting the radiation ofelectromagnetic Waves from the elevated conductor system. These Wavesare absorbed by the elevated receiving conductor system at the stationfrom Which signals are being transmitted to the receiving operator whois breaking a, and when the key at said' transmitting station is innormal position the break signal may be read by the ltransmittingoperator 'at said station between his ovvn signal elements. F or thispurpose the operators retain the telephone T, which preferably is a headtelephone, in position while sending and it Will be obvious that theconnection of the receiving system to the elevatcd conductortransmitting system at a point of Zero potential during transmissionwill permit an operator so to retain the telephone T in position withsafety. It is also to be noted that the telephone T being in a tertiarycircuit is not conductively connected to the transmitting system at anytime. lt ivill be noted that the means operated by the 'sending device Kfor short-circuiting the receiving system between the points 0 o are notconnected either electrically or mechanically with said sending device.

As shown in Fig. l, rrepresents the laminated'iron core of thetransformer M. One terminal of both the primary and secondary isconnected With said core which is earthed at E. The object inconnecting' these two i windings to`said core is'to minimize differencesof potential which might otherwise arise between said'cor'e and portionsof said windings most nearly adjacent thereto.. The entire YtransformerM is inclosed in a tin jacket X and scaled in With a molded seal- .ingcompound of high dielectric strength.

Said jacket is likewise connected with one 'cuit operatively associatedwith said generator, a radiating system related to said sonorouscircuit, a circuit connected across the terminals of said generator andincluding a condenser, and a metallic connection from one armature ofsaid condenser to the frame of said generator.

2. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including a generator, asonorous circuit operatively associated withsaid generator, a radiatingsystem related toA said sonorous circuita circuit connected across theterminals of said generator and including a condenser. a metallicconnection from one armature of said condenser to the trame of saidgenerator, and means for protecting said condenser from excessive potenvtials.

3. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including a generator, asonorous circuit operatively associated with said generator, a radiatingsystem related to said cluding a condenser, a metallic connectionl fromone armatureot said condenser to the trame of said generato-r, and meansin the condenser circuit tor protecting said generator from excessivecurrents. i 1

5. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including a generator, asonorous cir- 4cuit operatively associated withsaid gen-` erator, aradiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connectedacross the terminals of said generator and including a condenser, ametallic connection' from one armature ot said condenser lto the frameof said generator and a fuse in said condenser circuit.

6. In a space telegraphrsystem, a power circuit including a generator, asonorous circuit operatively associated with said generator, a radiatingsystem related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across theterminals ot said generator and including a condenser, a fuse-in saidcircuit, a metallic connection from one armature or" said condensertothe frame of said generator, and a spark gap connected across theterminals or said condenser.

7. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including the primaryofa trans a fuse in said circuit, and a spark gap connected across theterminals of said condenser.

9. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including the primary ofa transformer, a circuit connected across the terminals of said primaryincluding a condenser, a spark-gap connected across the terminals ofsaid condenser, and a connectiontrom one armature of said condenser toearth.

circuit including the' primary ot a transformer, a circuit connectedacross the terminals ,of said primary including a condenser, a fuse insaid circuit, a spark-gap connected across the terminals of saidcondenser, and a connection from one armature of said con` denser toearth.

1l. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including the-l primaryof a transformer, asecondary inductively associated with saidvprimary, ametallic connection Y v 13. In a space telegraph system, amotorgeiierator, a space telegraph transmitting system associated withthe generator side of said motor-'generator and means associated withthe motor side of said motor-generator for conducting to earth thecurrents' induced in the motor circuit by extraneous electrical forces.

14:. In a space telegraph system, a motorgenerator, a sonorous circuitoperatively associated with the generator side of said motor-generator,a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connectedacross the motor side of said motor-generator and including a condenser,means in said circuit tor protecting said condenser l from excessivecurrents and means connect ing one armature of said condenser to earth.

l5. In a space telegraph system, a motorgenerator, a sonorous circuitoperatively as- -A10. In a space telegraph system, a power ICO sociatedWith the generator side of said motor-generator, a radiating systemrelated to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the motorside ofsaidmotor-generator and including a condenser, a-fuse in `saidcircuit and means connecting one armaturepofsaid condenserto earth.

16. In a space telegraph system, a inotorgenerator, a sonorous circuitoperatively associated with the generator side of said motor-generator,a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connectedacross the. motor side of said motor-generator, and including acondenser, and means conrlecting one armature-of said condenser to eart17. In a space telegraph system, a motor-v generator, a sonorous circuitoperatively associated with the generator side Vot said motor-generator,a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connectedacross the motor side'of said motor-generator and including a condenser,means-for protecting said condenser from excessivepo-- v tentialsandmeans connecting one arm of said condenser to earth.O 18. In a spacetelegraph system, a motorgenerator, a sonorous circuit operativelyassociated with the generator side of said Inotor-generator, a radiatingsystem related' to said 'sonorous circuit, a` circuit connected lacrossthe motor side of sald motor-generator, and including a condenser,:aspark gap connected across the terminals of said c011- denser and meansconnecting one armature of said condenser to earth.4

19. In aA spacetelegraph system, a motorgenerator,a sonoreus circuitoperatively associated with the generator side .of said motor-generator,a radiating circuit related to said sonorous circuit,'-a circuitconnected across the motor side of said motor generae JOHN STONESTONE.Witnesses E. B. ToMLrNsoN,

Guo. AK. WoomvoR'rH.

